Dějepis
Rozdělení pravěku
Pravěk - nejdelší období dějin lidstva ( - 3 miliony až 3 tisíce let pnl.)
Dělení pravěku:
A) podle materiálu,ze kterého člověk vyráběl nástroje.
Doba kamenná - starší Paleolit
střední Mezolit
mladší Neolit
pozdní Eneolit
Doba bronzová
Doba železná - starší Doba Halštatská
mladší Doba Laténská
B) podle způsobu opatřování potravy.
přisvojovací hospodářství - živili se tím,co v přírodě našli ( lov zvěře,sběr plodin)
= Paleolit a Mezolit
Výrobní hospodářství - jídlo cílevědomě vyráběli ( chov dobytka,pěstování obilí)
Neolit až koncem pravěku
Vývoj Země
Prvohory
Vznik Země Život v moři - obojživelníci dnes přesličky = uhlí
Druhohory
Věk plazů- dinasouři - letajíci ještěři
Třetihory
Věk savců ( nástup po vymření dinasourů) - jiné klima
Čtvrtohory
Věk člověka - vyvinul se z lidoopů - střídání dob ledových X meziledových
Znaky polidčtení
- Zpřímená postava
- Chůze po dvou
- Změna čelisti
- Rozvoj mozku
- Ruce na práci
Vývoj člověka
Tip člověka: Člověk zručný - Latinský název: Homo Habilis - Kdy asi žil : Před 2,5 - 1,5 miliony let - Jaké nástroje používal: sekáče a úštěpy - Kde žil: Afrika ! - Naleziště v ČR: x - Co uměl: občas používal oheň.
Tip člověka: Člověk vzpřímený - Latinský název: Homo Erectus - Kdy asi žil: Před1,5 milionem -200 000 let pnl. - Jaké nástroje používal: pěstní klín - Kde asi žil: Afrika,Evropa,Asie - Naleziště v ČR: Přezlice u Prahy stránská skála - Co uměl: Jednoduché chaty.kolektivní lov, loví celá tlupa.
Tip člověka: Člověk rozumný - Kdy asi žil: 200 tisíc let - 40 000 pnl. - Jaké používal nástroje: Sekáče a úštěpy - Kde žil: Afrika,Evropa,Asie - Naleziště v ČR: Jeskyně kůlna,šipka - Co uměl: Pohřeby,jednoduchá řeč.
Tip člověka: Člověk dnešní - Kdy asi žil: 40 tisíc let - 10 tisíclet pnl. - Jaké používal nástroje: Dokonalé nástroje ( oštěp,sekýrka...) - Kde žil: Afrika,Evropa,Asie,Amerika,Austrálie - Naleziště v ČR: Pavlo,Pekárna,Dolní Věstonice - Co uměl: Rozdělával oheň,dělba práce,rozdíl mezi ženou a mužem.
Pravěké území a náboženství
Náboženství:
- veřili,že svět ovlivňují nadpřirozené síly,proto konali různé obřady a slavnosti.
1) které měli zabezpečovat úspěšný lov.
2) A hlavně rozmnožovat rod-magie plodnosti.
náboženské představy zobrazovak člověk v umění:1)malby zvířat na stěnách jeskyní
(např. Altamira ve Španělsku,Lascoux ve Francii.
V ČR rytiny koní a bizonů na koňském žebru z jeskyně Pekárna.
2. výroba Venuší ( figurky žen,které zdůrazňují symboly plodnosti - ňadra,boky.
.slavbá Věstonická venuše.
3. nestarší keramika u nás nalezena u Dolních Věstonicích.
(z hlíny vymodelované sošky zvířat.)
Dolní Věstonice
Archeologický výzkum v roce 1925 byla tady nalezena Věstonická venuše soška je zhruba 25 000 letr pnl. stará.
Není z kamene ale z vypálené hlíny.Bylo tady sídliště Lovců Mamutů (9000 věcí)
Výzkum vedl karel Absolon.Soška měla 11 cm na výšku.Věstonická venuše je hodnota dnes kolem 400 000 000 korun.
Časová osa
Paleolit (starší doba kamenná - vývoj člověka čl. zručný.3 mil - 10 tisíc let pnl.
Mezolit ( střední doba kamenná 8 tisíc - 5 tisíc let pnl.
Doba ledová Doba Meziledová
⇔
Oteplení o (3 stupňů)
Zalesnění Evropy
Mamut vyhinul, člověk loví (lesní zvěř).
Neolit mladší doba kamenná 5. - 4. tisíce let pnl.
Pojem: Neolitická revoluce - vznik zemědělství a chov dobytka
Pěstovali:hrách,obilí,čočka,fazole
Chovali: kráva,divoké prase,koza,ovce.
Komentáře
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